Masculinity in Amazon Societies

Claude Levi-Strauss’s essay “Men, Women, and Chiefs” is the product of two years of observations of indigenous groups in the Brazilian rainforest. The motivation behind his research was to observe differences in relationships between the modern industrial societies and the most “simple” societies that he could find. In Levi-Strauss’s writing he explains the nature of power by showing the role and expectations of a Chief.

The power in these Amazon groups came from their Chief who was respected for not just his power but his responsibility. The Chief’s main job was to inspire in the group unity and order. Similarly to American society, leadership is what controlled the indigenous group’s direction and ability. To lead the tribe, the Chief is expected to commit himself to the betterment of the group regardless of the sacrifices. Successful leadership in the eyes of the tribesmen comes from characteristics such as generosity. Typically in American society, generocity is not highly regarded as a masculine trait and is usually cast aside in favor of more merciless techniques of control.

In most western societies, people insinuate the role of the chief as one that is strictly held by the most masculine of men. However, in these Amazonian groups, women have also successfully distinguished themselves as viable and competent leaders.

Questions to the Reader: 

Boys: Is this idea that women are equally capable to lead ridiculous to you? Do you think that women being able to lead is an idea only relevant in "simple" society? How do differences in favored characteristics of "simple" society give you a different view of leadership?

Girls: What does this show you about our society and prejudice? Do you see any prejudice against you? Is this prejudice in clubs, sports, or school?